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Applied I F Limited, Non-Political Forensic Investigation into Voting Integrity at U.K. General Election held on 7 May 2015 and Since, the Electoral Commission Corrupted Its Own Voting Count Model which has 3 Primary Vote Categories Missing which is NOT Compliant with Electoral Laws and Allows Ghost Votes to be Added on an Industrial Scale, causing a Constitutional Crisis, it Remains to be Seen this has caused the House of Commons to become an Unelected House, which has been happening across many countries in the Western Part of the World. Stealing Your Vote = Stealing Your Fundamental Freedoms = Enslavement. Thou Shalt not Steal is One of God's Ten Commandments and Stealing is a Criminal Offence. Thou Shalt not Kill is One of God's Ten Commandments and Genocide is a Criminal Offence. Thou Shalt not Bear False Witness and Fraud is a Criminal Offence. Thou Shalt not Covet is also One of God's Ten Commandments. ARCHBOLD 2013

SWEET & MAXWELL

II NATURE OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES

A. WHEN AN INDICTMENT LIES

(1) GENERAL

1-2 An indictment is the ordinary common law remedy for all treasons,

misprisions of treasons and offences of a public nature:

2 Hawk. c. 25, ss.1, 4. It is also the means by which certain

offences created by or under statute are brought before the Crown

Court for trial

(2) Breach of common law duty

1-3 An indictment lies at common law for a breach of duty which is not

a mere private injury but an outrage on the moral duties of society,

e.g. neglect to provide sufficient food, medical aid or other

necessaries, for a person unable to provide for himself, and for

whom the defendant is obliged by duty or contract to provide, where

such neglect injures the health of that person, whether the person

injured is of extreme age (R. v. Instan [1893] 1 Q.B. 450), or of

tender years (R. v. Senior [1899] 1 Q.B. 283 at 289), or is the

defendant or servant (R. v. Smith (1865) L. & C. 607), or an

apprentice (R. v. Smith (1837) 8 C. & P. 153), or is a person of

unsound mind (R. v. Pelham [1846] 8 Q.B. 959). See also post, 19-22

et seq. (manslaughter). The common law is strengthened by statutory

provisions, e.g. Offences against the Person Act 1861, s.26 (servants

and apprentices); CYPA 1933, s.1 (persons under 16); MHA 1983, s.127

(persons of unsound mind).It being a democratic principle, however,

that it is for Parliament and not the executive or judges to

determine whether conduct not previously regarded as criminal should

be treated as such, statute is now to be regarded as the sole source

of new offences: R. v. Jones; Ayliffe v. DPP; Swain v. Same [2007]

1 A.C. 136, HL; and R. (Gentle) v. Prime Minister [2008] 1 A.C. 1356,

HL (at [40]) (and see post, 1-5).

Unless a statute specifically so provides, or the case is one

in which the common law, in the criminal context, imposes a duty or

responsibility on one person to act in a particular way towards

another, then a mere omission to act cannot make the person, who so

fails to do something, guilty of a criminal offence: see R. v. Miller

[1983] 2 A.C. 161, HL, where the appellant was held liable for his

reckless omission to take steps to nullify a risk of damage to

property which had been created by his own earlier inadvertent act

(see furth post, 23-10, 23-31). The House of Lords approached the

facts on the basis that-unlike the case of the mere bystander-the

appellant had a duty to act.

(3) Acts prejudicing the public

1-4 An indictment lies at common law for any act of wilful negligence

which endangers human life or health: Williams v. East India Co.

(1802) 3 East 192; Shillito v. Thompson (1875) 1 Q.B.D. 12; or

against an innkeeper for failing to provide traveller with food and

lodging without reasonable excuse, on being tendered a reasonable

price; the question of what amounts to a reasonable excuse being a

question of fact for the jury: R. v. Higgins (1948) 1 K.B. 165 32

Cr.App.R. 113, CCA.

An indictment also lies for all nuisances of a public

nature, though occasioned by an act in itself innocent, if the

creation of the nuisance is the probable consequence of the act:

R. v. Moore (1832) 3 B. & Ad. 184; and see 1 Hawk. c. 75 ss.6, 7.

As to the offence of public nuisance generally, see paos, 31-40 et

seq. When good people work together for the Love of Humanity and Life Itself, many problems can be solved, many cures can be found, it only takes good people to stand together, then Justice can be Served. Happy New Year 2025

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Outstanding.

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